Having had more recent experience of them,
A Foley (indwelling) catheter can be left in for up to 8 weeks. Catheters are not changed daily as this is the quickest way to infect the urinary tract. I had 3 catheters inserted in 3 days following back surgery. I ended up with an infection.
A nurse specialist in the urology department slapped the nurses silly (metaphorically speaking !!) for putting me through that experience.
I ended up with an infection and blood in the urine drainage bag. I was prescribed a course of anti-biotics but the catheter stayed in until the infection had cleared.
The reason it stays in until the infection clears is due to the trauma caused to the urethra when inserting and removing catheters. That's why it is very sore when peeing after a catheter comes out. Even done with the greatest amount of care you can cause bleeding.
The one major issue with catheters though is hygiene !! Wash and scrub your hands, use a local anaesthetic lube gel, NEVER touch the catheter - use its packaging to grip it by or a sterilised clamp if you have trouble gripping them etc etc.
Proper care with hygiene & sterility and catheters are highly effective at their job. Bet hey, this is diaper dreams not catheter dreams !!
I too got nowhere with every external catheter and drainage bag system and am now prescribed nappies.
Nappies or catheters ?? Hmmm, I wonder !