Discomfort during a colonoscopy is really caused by two main factors. Firstly the colon does not usually contain much gas , in order to navigate the Endoscopist needs to introduce air into the colon , which can result in cramping and " gas type discomfort" this is reduced by the use of Carbon Dioxide gas ( CO2) , instead of air ( although some of the older Endoscopist prefer Air to CO2.
Secondly there are multiple loops in the colon particularly the sigmoid colon , when the colonoscope passes around these loops it can cause cramping , after the Endoscopist passes a loop or curve , they straighten the scope and the cramping goes away . The 2 major loops/curves are the Splenic flexure ( under the spleen ) and the Hepatic flexure ( under the liver)..
Conditions which can also cause discomfort and pain include :
Diverticulosis - Diverticulosis is when pockets called diverticula form in the walls of your digestive tract. The inner layer of your intestine pushes through weak spots in the outer lining. This pressure makes them bulge out, making little pouches. Most often it happens in your colon, the lower part of your large intestine.
Adhesions - Adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery. They may be thought of as internal scar tissue that connects tissues not normally connected. So anyone have abdominal surgery , including caesarean section, often fine it more difficult to undergo a colonoscopy .
Acute Ulcerative Colitis - Ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed. Small ulcers can develop on the colon's lining, and can bleed and produce pus. Can be very painful especially in the rectum and sigmoid colon .
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