There are a number of reasons why you may awake with a pounding heart.
They include:
1. Stress or anxiety.
Anxiety and stress levels can trigger the release of hormones in the blood that raise heart rate. Statistics suggest that around 31% of heart palpitation cases may be due to a mental factor such as stress, anxiety, or internal conflict.
2. Blood sugar levels
Blood sugar levels can affect heart rate. One symptom of high blood glucose, or hyperglycaemia, is a rapid heart rate. For people with diabetes, consuming sugary foods before a nap or before bed may cause them to wake up with their heart racing.
3. Caffeine
Some experts say that caffeine consumption can increase heart rate. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, soda, and some medications. Research suggests this may be true for some people, specifically those with a particular gene.
4. Dehydration
Dehydration can affect the heart and may lead to an irregular heartbeat. When there is too little fluid in the body, this is known as hypo-hydration. It can lead to low blood pressure. The body tries to compensate by producing additional hormones to speed up the heart.
5. Alcohol
A high consumption of alcohol can lead to arrhythmia and a rapid heart rate, research shows. It takes several hours for the body to process large amounts of alcohol, and the effects of drinking in the evening can continue throughout the night and into the morning.
6. Night terrors or nightmares
A nightmare is a disturbing dream. Nightmares can cause physical symptoms, such as respiratory difficulties. This may cause a person to wake up with a racing heart. They may also experience sweating and shaking.
Night terrors can also cause a person to wake up feeling panicked and with a racing heart. Experts have found links between night terrors, vocalizations, a rapid heart rate, and breathing problems. When a person wakes up, they may not remember the specific details of these episodes.
7. Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that includes:
sleep paralysis
sudden drowsiness
sudden muscle weakness
attacks of sleep
It also has links with diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Most people’s heart rate dips when they sleep. In people with narcolepsy, it may increase.
8. Sleep deprivation
A lack of sleep may also cause a person to feel that their heart rate is higher than usual. Sleep disturbances or not getting enough sleep can cause a number of health issues. The next day, the person may also feel that their heartbeat is slightly faster.
According to the Radiological Society of North America, just 24 hours of sleep deprivation can lead to cardiac disturbances, such as an increased heart rate and high blood pressure.
9. Sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is when a person repeatedly stops breathing while they sleep. This can lower oxygen levels and put extra stress on the heart. It may also cause a racing heartbeat.
People with sleep apnoea can also:
snore loudly enough to wake them up
wake up gasping for air
have a dry mouth when waking up
feel tired the next day
Research from 2017 suggests sleep apnoea may also contribute to new appearances of Atrial fibrillation.
10. Anaemia
People with iron-deficiency anaemia do not have enough healthy red blood cells circulating in their bodies. Various symptoms can result, including changes in heart rate.
Other symptoms of anaemia are:
headaches
general fatigue
shortness of breath
difficulty concentrating
11. Menstrual cycle and menopause
Waking up with a racing heart may also be due to the menstrual cycle. More specifically, a racing heart can occur due to shifts in oestrogen and progesterone levels.
A 2013 study found higher variability in heart rate in females before menopause than in females after menopause or males, suggesting that hormonal fluctuations play a role.
Around menopause, declining oestrogen levels can lead to palpitations. Palpitations may also occur during hot flashes.
12. Fever
Changes in the body’s temperature, for example, during a fever, may also cause changes in heart rate.
A 2021 study of people in ICU found that for every 33.8°F body temperature rise in females, their heart rate increased by 9.5 beats per minute on average. For males, it was 7.2 beats.
Alongside a fever, a person may have:
sweating
chills
general fatigue
achy or sore muscles
13. Medications
A fast or irregular heart rate may be a side effect of various medications, including:
anti arrhythmic drugs, such as adenosine
some anticancer drugs, for example, trastuzumab
anticonvulsants, such as lacosamide
some antidepressants, for instance, citalopram
herbal remedies, such as Ginkgo biloba
Hope this helps.