I agree with agracier. It is an interesting topic. In my country circumcision is rarely performed anyway concerns about the hygiene of the penis, phimosis are always present during pediatric examinations and in child care. The surgery is always dreaded by young patients. I remember some genital examination at the pediatrician where he discussed this solution to my phimosis and subsequent treatments become necessary.
Back to the thread topic: I think circumcision outcomes are most influenced by surgical techniques.
Most common techniques are the following:
Guided methods:
foreskin is clamped with an hemostat/shield/other instrument and cut with a scalpel or hot wire coaugulator sliding against the tip of the instrument to protect the glans.
Generally used by untrained personnel.
Shield is also used in Jews circumcision, variant are typical in islamic, balcanic and other populations.
Traditional Jews circumcision involves only the cutting of the tip of the foreskin. The frenulum is not removed although it will not develop because the operation is done in early age before puberty. Often the procedure does not require the retraction of the foreskin which is let adherent to the glans as in majority of new borns. Today ritual Jew circumcision is more radical to prevent partial coverage of the glans with the preputial remnants.
Other guided method circumcisions typical in islamic countries implies removal of part of the inner and outer foreskin. Due to the little streatching of the foresking the clamping involve also part of the frenulum and it is generally removed with the cut of the prepuce. The operation is done during puberty often without anhestesia and in domestic settings, final result is a moderate high and quite loose circumcision (it depends on how much the foreskin is stretched during the procedure).
Dorsal slit circumcisions:
very common with non specilistic medical personnel.
Prepuce is clamped with two hemostats and a third is applied dorsally. A dorsal slit is done to open the prepuce. It is then removed with scissors and stitches applied. It generally requires more skills, more surgical instruments and time. Result is more repeatable and it is generally a low and tight circumcision. Due to the removal of a conspicuous part of inner prepuce the frenulum is also cut with scissors. Used especially in puberal and post puberal patients when treated by non specialist medical personnel.
Resection sleeve:
used by specialist andrology/urology surgeons.
It is essentially a plastic surgery consisting in cutting two circular incisions on the retracted penis to remove a sort of sleeve of skin comprising part of the inner and outer prepuce. It is the most versatile technique. It permits all kinds of circumcision outcomes. If the distal incision is prossimal to the ridged band the surgeon can remove only the outer prepuce and let the frenulum absolutely intact if necessary. The aspect of the penis in that case is similar of an always retracted intact penis... It definitely determines a very high and thigh circumcision. If the proximal incision is proximal respect the ridged band it determines a low circumcision and the frenulum cannot be saved.
Other techniques requires commercial clamps with intermediate results depending on the type of the clamp itself.