Hoseman - Joyce can be even more direct; remember 'The Holy Office', said to be a satire on The Church:
The Holy Office
Myself unto myself will give
This name Katharsis-Purgative....
But all these men of whom I speak
Make me the sewer of their clique.
That they may dream their dreamy dreams
I carry off their filthy streams....
And for each maiden, shy and nervous,
I do a similar kind service....
At night when close in bed she lies
And feels my hand between her thighs
My little love in light attire
Knows the soft flame that is desire.
There's endless literary criticism on this. For example, a book Questia (www.questia.com) has in its online library 'Powers of Ordure: James Joyce and the Excremental Vision' by Kelly Anspaugh. The free excerpt begins:
"Why shit now? Or, to put my question somewhat less ambiguously (and so somewhat less scandalously): why this recent upsurge of interest in excrement and visions thereof?
"Perhaps the interest has to do with Sigmund Freud, in that doctor's exemplary clinical attention to the body and its products. When participating in the French-led 'return to Freud,' we may find ourselves necessarily turning back to shit, inspecting this low matter with high seriousness. Another contributing factor may be the rise of cultural studies. One way of distinguishing between cultures is to consider their differing attitudes towards excrement. Is shit, to a given culture, a good thing? An evil thing? A sacred--both good and evil--thing? ..."
Well, if you have the time and patience to read a whole book on such speculations!
-jillie