As far as gynecology goes my wife and I have managed to figure out how to secure a few appointments while travelling abroad. I've seen every variation you could think of here in the US outside of the common cloth, paper, or cape/drape combo type of covering. As far as abroad goes less experience but some general observations I've seen --
Germany - undressing occurs with the doctor present. Always nude from the waist down for the pelvic. Then clothes back on and nude from the waist up, or the bra stays on but gets unhooked with a feel underneath and above for a ...sort of ... breast exam. Never a sheet or any other type of covering
Italy - much the same as Germany, though it seems common to finish up with the pelvic and then simply pull up clothing and bra while still in the stirrups for a breast exam.
UK - very mixed bag. Went for an exam in London, you typically do not see an actual gynecologist it seems, and both times it was panties off with the exam performed under the dress one time, and second time was a skirt. I've always wondered what happens when the patient is wearing pants.
Scotland - very surprised to encounter total nudity. Two different tables - first was a general and breast exam, then on to a different table for the pelvic. Maybe it was the specific facility as we went there a few times, two different locations under the same management, and exactly the same at both.
France - one exam exactly like in Germany, nude on the bottom, nude on top, but not both at once.
And back before all the issues with the war - Sochi - found a couple places right near the resorts. Completely nude from the start, breast exam might occur before or after the pelvic and typically standing up only